Book of Romans

A Gospel of God's Righteousness

Introduction to Romans

The Epistle to the Romans stands as the most comprehensive and systematic presentation of Christian doctrine in all of Scripture. Written by the Apostle Paul to the church in Rome around 57 AD, this powerful letter explores the great themes of sin, salvation, grace, faith, righteousness, and sanctification.

Unlike many of Paul's other letters, Romans was written to a church that Paul had not yet visited, making it a more formal and complete exposition of his understanding of the gospel. The letter's careful theological arguments and practical applications have made it foundational for Christian theology throughout church history.

"Romans is neither a systematic theology nor a summary of Paul's lifework, but it is by far the most complete statement of Paul's theology." — F.F. Bruce, Biblical Scholar

Chapters Overview

The Book of Romans is comprised of 16 chapters, each exploring different theological themes and practical applications. Below you'll find a comprehensive guide to each chapter with various resources to deepen your understanding.

Detailed Chapter Resources

Each chapter of Romans is accompanied by a comprehensive set of resources designed to help you understand the text from various perspectives.

Romans 1

The Power of God for Salvation
Paul introduces himself, expresses his desire to visit Rome, presents the gospel as God's power for salvation, and describes humanity's rejection of God.

Romans 2

God's Righteous Judgment
Paul addresses Jews who judge others while committing the same sins, explaining that true circumcision is of the heart, not merely physical.

Romans 3

Righteousness Through Faith
Paul declares all people, both Jews and Gentiles, to be under sin's power, then presents justification by faith in Christ as God's solution.

Resource Types

For each chapter of Romans, we provide the following resources:

Chapter Overview

Comprehensive overview of the chapter including historical, social, cultural, and archaeological context, church history usage, influential quotes, and other impacts.

Greek Text

Interlinear version with the original Greek text, meanings, and transliterations to help understand the nuances of the original language.

Structure (YAML)

Simplified breakdown of the chapter's content in a structured YAML format, making it easier to understand the organization at a glance.

English Text

The complete English text of the chapter in the World English Bible British Edition (WEBBE) translation, presented in markdown format.

Analysis

Detailed breakdown and analysis of the chapter, exploring themes, arguments, and theological concepts verse by verse.

People

Information about people mentioned in the chapter, including their Greek/Hebrew names, meanings, and biographical details.

Locations

Details about geographical locations mentioned in the chapter, including their Greek/Hebrew names, meanings, and historical significance.

Prayer

Prayer based on the themes and teachings of the chapter, designed for practical application in modern daily life.

Declarations

Affirmations and declarations drawn from the chapter that can be applied to contemporary life situations and challenges.

Historical Context

The city of Rome was the capital of the Roman Empire, the most powerful political entity of the ancient world. By the time Paul wrote his letter (around 57 AD), Rome had a significant Jewish population and a growing Christian community. The church in Rome was likely established by Jewish Christians who had been present at Pentecost (Acts 2) and returned to Rome with their new faith.

In 49 AD, Emperor Claudius had expelled all Jews from Rome due to disturbances allegedly caused by conflicts over "Chrestus" (possibly referring to disputes about Jesus as the Christ). When Claudius died in 54 AD, many Jews, including Jewish Christians, returned to Rome. This created a unique dynamic in the Roman church between Jewish and Gentile believers.

Paul wrote Romans while in Corinth, near the end of his third missionary journey. He was planning to visit Rome on his way to Spain after delivering a collection for the poor in Jerusalem. This letter served as an introduction of Paul and his teaching to the Roman Christians before his anticipated visit.

30-33 AD

Death and resurrection of Jesus Christ

49 AD

Emperor Claudius expels Jews from Rome

54 AD

Death of Claudius; Jews, including Jewish Christians, return to Rome

57 AD

Paul writes the Epistle to the Romans from Corinth

64 AD

Great Fire of Rome; Nero begins persecution of Christians

Key Themes in Romans

Romans contains several major theological themes that have profoundly influenced Christian thought:

Universal Sinfulness

Paul establishes that all people, both Jews and Gentiles, are under sin's power and fall short of God's glory (Romans 3:23). This universal diagnosis of the human condition forms the foundation for his explanation of the gospel.

Justification by Faith

The central theme of Romans is that righteousness comes through faith in Jesus Christ, not by works of the law (Romans 3:28, 5:1). This doctrine became the cornerstone of the Protestant Reformation.

Grace vs. Law

Paul extensively explores the relationship between God's grace and the Mosaic Law (Romans 6-7), showing that believers are freed from the law's condemnation while still upholding its moral principles.

The Role of Israel

Chapters 9-11 address God's faithfulness to His covenant with Israel and how Gentiles fit into God's redemptive plan, affirming that God has not rejected His people.

Christian Living

The letter concludes with practical instructions for living out faith in community, government, and interpersonal relationships (Romans 12-16), connecting theology with ethics.

Life in the Spirit

Romans 8 presents a profound theology of the Holy Spirit's role in believers' lives, enabling them to overcome sin and live as God's adopted children with the hope of future glory.

Influence Through History

Few biblical books have had the theological impact of Romans. Throughout church history, its teachings have sparked renewal, reformation, and revival. Some notable examples include:

"When I came to understand Romans 1:17, 'The just shall live by faith,' I felt myself to be reborn and to have gone through open doors into paradise." — Martin Luther